- HEALTH
Supporting Liver Health with Milk Thistle
The liver is the largest organ in the human body and plays a crucial role, often called the body’s chemical factory. It metabolizes nutrients, removes toxins from the blood, and stores energy. It also produces bile to aid digestion and supports the immune system to protect the body. A healthy liver is essential for maintaining homeostasis, so impaired liver function can lead to serious issues with metabolism and immune function.
When liver function declines, it can lead to various conditions, including fatty liver disease, hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Compared to other organs, liver diseases are often more serious. This is because the liver has no internal nerve cells, so mild problems may not cause noticeable symptoms. As a result, liver disease is frequently diagnosed only after it has significantly progressed, which is why the liver is often called the silent organ. Even if you feel generally healthy or experience only mild fatigue, it’s important not to overlook your liver and to consistently take steps to maintain its health.
- Yellowing of the skin and eyes (Jaundice)
- Orange or brown-colored urine (Dark urine)
- Easy bleeding gums or nosebleeds
- Easy bruising from minor bumps
- Fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, abdominal bloating and pain
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum)
Milk thistle (Silybum marianum) is a well-known functional ingredient widely used to support liver health. This thistle species, recognized for its red to purple flowers, grows worldwide. Historical records from Greece over 2,000 years ago show that milk thistle leaves were used to treat liver disorders, making it a traditional medicinal plant for liver care. Modern scientific research has identified a key compound in milk thistle called silymarin, which is effective in protecting and regenerating liver cells.
Silymarin works by eliminating free radicals that damage liver cells through its strong antioxidant effects, strengthening liver cell walls to block toxic substances and provide a detoxifying effect, and promoting protein synthesis to aid the recovery of damaged liver cells.
Studies have shown that silymarin intake significantly lowers liver enzyme levels and alleviates symptoms associated with liver damage. The Ministry of Food and Drug Safety recognizes the liver-protective effects of silymarin when its content is 130 mg or higher. Therefore, when choosing milk thistle extract products, it’s important to check the silymarin content to ensure effectiveness.
Besides milk thistle, another well-known ingredient that supports liver function is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), commonly called Ursa. Both are beneficial for the liver, but they work in different ways and are suited for different needs. Milk thistle is ideal for overall liver protection and maintenance thanks to its antioxidant effects, while Ursa is particularly useful for targeting specific bile-related issues.
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Milk Thistle (Silymarin)
Protects and regenerates liver cells; strong antioxidant effects, helps remove liver toxins, supports general liver health, and manages alcoholic liver disease
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Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA)
Improves bile flow and breaks down bile acids, treats liver conditions related to bile stasis and helps regulate liver enzymes (e.g., ALT levels)
The liver is a vital organ that plays a central role in overall health and well-being. For this reason, functional ingredients like milk thistle extract are attracting attention as a way to support liver health. However, it’s important to remember that these supplements can aid liver function but cannot cure diseases. Serious conditions such as cirrhosis or alcoholic fatty liver disease require professional medical treatment. For those whose liver function may be weakened due to frequent late nights or alcohol consumption, silymarin can provide support for fatigue and hangover recovery. Still, the most important factor is maintaining daily health through balanced habits and a healthy lifestyle.
Kolmar BNH Co., Ltd., Food Science R&D Center
[Reference]
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1.
Functional Evaluation Guide for Health Functional Foods – Liver Health
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2.
Functional Food Ingredient Document by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety - Monograph (Milk Thistle Extract)
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3.
Ludovico abenavoli, Milk thistle in liver diseases: past, present, future., Phytotherapy Research Vol. 24, Issue 10, 2010.



